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It's popular to "go green" now, but the tactics promoted are often summaries or quick-type fixes. Sometimes these fixes are actually worse for the environment.~ Does this question mean developing rural areas or keeping rural areas rural????e population growth and economics push for urbanization.i people must feel secure or they will argue over resources. it's extremely difficult to "promote" but it is not something that is promoted, it simply must be done. During Katrina, peace and security could not be promoted, it was something that was not shown to people.h people can't do what they don't know about or understand. Gender equity is always critical. It is balance in nature and that is what sustainability is all about. It's an ecological principal. From an economic point of view, that may be more difficult. In education it is what we do. : Good health should lead to greater personal awareness. Greater personal awareness can lead to greater awareness of caring for the earth. Preliminary research from our group indicates that health care and education (schools) are vital to sustainability of a community.? With the advent of technology comes a decline in physical activity and a disconnect with nature followed by an increase in obesity. Further, it seems difficult for the general population to make the connection between being active in the outdoors and their personal health. Q Isn't that what sustainability is? It's difficult because that's why we need sustainability education in the first place. The most difficult barrier is addressing population control. , It depends on what you mean by "rural development". Small communities should be spared (this would be an indicator for sustainability). Urban sprawl into rural areas should not occur nor should "jobs at all costs" be the mantra to "develop rural areas".  Your use of "promote rural development" is a concern. Perhaps its a semantic, but the current trend to promote rural development is any job will do kind of mindset that actually creates a leakage of resource and wealth from the community and leaves it with the problems from the development (infrastructure, poor wages...the Walmart syndrom). Diversity is important. However, I'm not sure it comes first. Perhaps it's more correct to say that inclusiveness is critical. P In nature, peace and security are tenuous. Sustainability, if achieved should include peace and security. However, security needs to be defined as does peace (see cultural diversity). If security is based on constant growth in finance and population, then peace and security can not exist. 8 See above lWhen dealing with culture, one has to be *VERY* careful and *RESPECTFUL* in working to turn around behavior.See answer in #2.zSee answer in # 2 + it depends on the resources &/or the creative use of available resources. See answer #8. See answer #2 & 8. See answer #2 & 8.Every culture has their own reasons for existing and no one can *FORCE* another culture to change their ways just to suit the culture of someone else *WITHOUT* the partnership of education/respect and creative use of available resources.See answer #20 See answer #20) I supose that it stems from being a mother of two daughters, and hoping mostly that they will have less barriers to opportunities by changing the unconcious biases formulted by religious institutions and their sexist interpretation of the scriptures. _ I have been attending a church for 7 years, and have only just recently been able to persuade leadership to let women speak and or "Teach" about tithe and offering. A woman has never given a sermon, and is currently not allowed to become an elder. Elder being a primary decision maker in church matters. People who have optimal health are in postions to achieve their full potential. They are also in the best position to make the healthiest choices for themseleve and others under thier influence. Its pretty easy to promote human health. It more difficult getting people to heed the information. Individuals are a product of their surroundings. If their surroundings are rotten or polluted they will absorbe there surroundings and reflect them. U The popular opinion seems to be that convience is more important than taking care of the enviorment. People tend to think that individuals who care about the enviorment are "tree huggers" because then they can dismiss them, and thus remove themseleves from the guilt of their carbon footprint.  The value of other cultures can only help in fostering understanding and appreciation for one another. It can also expand the potential for inventing as well as problem solving as more ideas and elements of the equation are revealed. I think people will embrace it to a degree just like health practices, but being dedicated to really embracing other culutres and their practices is far less likely. Conflict is unavoidable when diffrences interface. Peaceful resolution of that diffrence is essential, but not alway possible. ` People want both, but may not be willing to take on the measures or make the sacrifices personally to achieve these goals. And they even seem a little in opposition, most people feel very secure by having large militaries, or weapons. Its false security, but a very deep rooted idea in American culture. N I'm not 100% sure what that is. > cultural factorC individual mentalityC individual mentality D institutional factorsC individual mentality G cultural and individual G cultural and individualG cultural and individual Women are more likely to engage in envirmonmental behavior; women are more likely to donate to charities We often live relatively unaware of some aspects of the cultural influence of gender roles and have few role models to offer ideas of how to make significant changes < Many more diseases are emerging and making people fearful; media coverage has increased over the years We must see ourselves as an inherent part of the world around us, not as masters of the Earth r More people live in urban areas; more damage is done by more people g The the city life and its conveniences are very seductive understanding other cultures may help us to understand ourselves in relation to other species At the University of Kentucky 1 and 3 women is a victim of violence. If women are not safe then how can they focus on their education. The institution and culture of Kentucky are very "old fashioned" and women are to be subordinate to men, which poses significant challenges to promoting gender equality/equity.Gender is critical to any discussion of equity - this is evident in most development policy and in WHO policy such as Millenium Development Goals and Social Determinants of Health Reports I feel and have experienced gender inequity in my personal and professional life and see it evident in US corporate policy, some public policy in the US and certainly in the academic environment Of the tools available to the field of public health (i.e. surveillance, public policy and health promotion intervention) the last one is the only one that grassroots persons can actively lead and/or participate in as an equal - the first requires a sophisticated educational base and the second is subject to the undue influence of politics. Here we have all sorts of difficulties including lack of funding, lack of understanding of a 'prevention' orientation to promoting human health, and at worst a basic moral lack of the innate value of human life and thus human development Lack of understanding of what stewardship means and that this has to apply to caring for the environment Here i blame basic corporate greed, profit motive and lack of appreciation for long term outcomes of our poisoning of the environment Rural areas due to lack of people power (volume), due to smaller numbers of residents compared to geographic coverage vs in urban areas have less representational power at the regional and federal levels thus public policy does not favor them yet rural areas produce our food supply so this is a critical area for development - likewise the world has moved from rural to urban so the brain drain away from rural is very worrisome focus will continue to be on urban populations - rural/urban divide must always be considered a social determinant of health `We must learn to understand and respect each other -This is not taught well, especially among health care providers who will continue to encounter increased diversity in their patient populations - this must start in primary grades and be continuously examined and promoted throughout one's edcuational training Development cannot occur during times of war and insecurity - education on these topics is essential if development is to take hold at all levels 5For some in power positions, peace and secruity are tools that can be used to block progress and development so that power can be maintained...we must educate about these types of techniques and how to overcome them so there is always hope for progress and change Because of the recent shift to urbanization worldwide, the sustainability factor will be critical - because of the concentration of people in urban areas, there is great opportunity for education in this area There is a need for the well educated and well off who move to suburban areas to give back to the inner city and for city planners to develop and promote 'green' city concepts This is perhaps the crux of our unsustainable world today - we are not individually or collectively good managers/stewards of sustainable consumption and this is true at the individual, cultural and insititional levels - all sectors must consider sustainable consumption policies and practices from local to national levels and educate individuals on how to achieve this This is the world wide culture - consumption - we need champions for sustainable consumption in every country and a network at the local level that promotes sustainable consumption! \personal and professional experience. Education opens doors and opportunities. > personal and professional experience. culture and religionx personal and professional experience; cultural and institutional factors. personal and professional exprience; cultural and institutional factors; individual's exposure to the world at large. personal and professional experience; cultural and institutional factors; educational attainment, exposure. Personal and professional experience; cultural background of individual or group being addressed/ influenced. Education and exposure to outside world. Personal and professional experience as a rural development practitioner. Cultural background (factors); exposure and institutional factors. Personal and professional experience. Cultural background and exposure to outside world. Education and training (formal and informal).  It would be easy to say "It depends on circumstances". Personal and professional experience. Cultural background of individual being addressed. Overall, cultural diversity can lend exposure to different cultures and outlook but is not a necessity. Moreover, in the world today, it is rare to find a culturally "pure" or undiversified community. It depends. Experience, stereotypes do influence appreication depending on the cultures mixed or for which positive appreciation is being promoted. Biases can be difficult to change. Personal and professional experience. The lack of, limited level of or lack of peace and human security can be difficult barriers to the promotion of SD and ESD. It is difficult to attend to development, much less SD and ESD, in the face of conflict and absence of human security. Mentally, people have to be of a receptive frame of mind to be able to consider SD and ESD. Personal and professional experience. Government and community commitment and honest willlingness to address these issues. Often there is no true commitment.  Personal and professional experience. Urban areas are very attrative to people who live in rural underdevelopment and poverty. They look at urban centers as a source of solutions to their problems. Therefore, if urban development is unsustainable, the problems this breed are as dangerous or even more than rural underdevelopment. Slums, particularly overpopulated slums are time bombs.  personal and professional experience; cultural and institutional factors; government's will/commitment. Individual mentality and behavior are largely a product of their< cultural and institutional factors that have and will influence them. b Personal and professional experience. Cultural and institutional factors. Sustainable consumption has to be defined as "just right/moderate, not over consumption. Level of consumption should take into consideration supply (and ability to supply) and demand, not only of an individual but the community as well.  In the face of poverty or limited capacity, consumption is often dictated by these limitations. It is when ability to acquire items of consumption is greater than need that control can sometimes be problematic. Education (knowing what and how much is needed versus wanted, (ability to determine what better among choices) is also a factor. Cultural and institutional factors are also influencial. Inequity of any kind is damaging - the rich and the poor due to structural and institutional factors is the worst . . . religious right and neocons and authoritarian personalities and military types create a problem public health is desperately needed around the globe and the profits from health care as in the us accrue to the pharmaceutical and insurance industries unfairlyz Obama is having lots of trouble as the far right only seeks its own profits Z the religious right are the problem in this knowing some religious types - they are pretty obstinate and out of touch with the environment, other human beings, and more - in essence, they are crazy! need more rural interest - easy to trace the rural and urban divide over history in China for your educational needs . . . similar with Latin AmericaQ Need some political clout for sure trying to get the religious right, the neocons, the military, the elites to relate to people who are different is extremely difficult It can be done but hard work is required - perhaps the existing elites should be sent to labour camps? alternatives to the military approach are desperately needed around the world - good diplomacy and peace studies!{ the military industrial complex is very powerful and can't be easily changed get rid of the huge urban developments - relocalize the populations to better arrangements - reduce the populations toon very hard to do - but as cities fail, this might come naturally good idea - eliminate fast food, junk food, frankenfoods, ge and gm foods (so called), and other garbage from the profit motive and you will have healthier people d pigs at the trough always eat as much as they can get@ cultural factors L man power in goverment force < institutional } individual mentality and behavior, cultural factors, and institutional factorsE institutional factors @ cultural factors E individiual mentality a individual mentality and behavior cultural factorsE institutional factors 8 cultural ? cultural factorsU Social, Economic, social behavior etc. Social condition of larger India, attitude of the people, available opportunities, state indifference to gender equality. Condition of Health Management in our country both in government & private sector. Lack of education & Awareness, Lack of Treatment facilities in Government Hospitals etc. ^Women are critical to healthy development because they have the deepest influence on children.QWe still live in a sexist world, with male privilege being difficult to dislodge.@Without human health, there is no hope for health of the planet.Again issues of racism, sexism, classism prevent access to health care. If there were real concern for human health, there would be no need for health care reform. We would have systems that promote health care for all. &This is an obvious requirement for SD.{Lack of awareness of so many environmental issues in the rush of today's world -- everything has to be fast and throw-away.The countryside is the place of farming and it is a real key to healthy food and a healthy human family and planet. Factory farms are destroying SD at a rapid rate.EOut of sight, out of mind - total lack of awareness by city-dwellers.So much environmental destruction is in areas of poverty which are heavily populated by people of color, who are victimized by pollution which they have no power to control.This is a racist society.Again the feeling that protection of our USA life style warrants destruction of other countries and societies to provide for our American security.The key to the whole problem.@The pace and competition of our USA lifestyle and choice-making.Care for the future!our lifestyle!Women are the key workers in many areas of the world but have low status within their own communities. Raising awareness of this and establishing a fairer balance of respect and economic parity is essential to allow development to proceed. Patriarchal systems which suppress the right of women to equality are a blight on that society and fail to utilise the skills of women for the general good. Already women are the main influence on their children and instrumental in ensuring their children's well being, survival even and in shaping attitudes. This vital role is often not acknowledged or only lip service is paid to the dedication of women to their families. Furthering the education of females is the one area which will have the greatest impact on the just development of a society.$Innate resistance in many men to even consider that women could be considered equal to themselves. Historical and cultural as well as religious conditioning support this sense of male superiority. In developing as well as developed countries it is in essence a power struggle. There is huge reluctance to allow women genuine equality - even in the intellectual sphere - and frequent resort to gender stereotyping. In developing countries the status quo suits males and feeds the need to control - and to be seen to control, women, as lower beings.It is not possible to live a full and fulfilled life without an adequate standard of health and provision of care, especially for those with any disability.Health is a visible issue and as such a marker for success in any society. However after reaching a generally reasonable level of health then individual choice - eg use of drugs, smoking, overeating - can negate most of the benefits obtained.Without genuine and immediate stewardship, there will not be a planet able to sustain life for the current level of human population. There is need for a prophetic vision of a newly ordered world where the good of all takes precedence over short term profits for individuals, companies or institutions. The banking collapse could be a way forward to a new v< ision but there is reluctance and resistance to change at every level of society, and most especially among those who now have most..Awareness is increasing and with that a desire for relevant action. Young people are allied with an older generation who have always lived carefully and frugally. The problem people who resist change are the age group from 20-55, yet they are the current decision makers in governments round the world.Care of the land is vital for small communities whose livelihoods depend entirely on the land. The benefits to the wider society are that ancient wisdom keeps alive certain traditions but this needs to be linked to modern technology to find and use better ways of farming, irrigation etc Retaining rural communities keeps the countryside alive and prevents the growth of shanty towns and slums around big cities with all the attendant health,social and econoic problems that this displacement brings. The key is to convince young people that it is worthwhile for them to stay in their communities and to enable them to live well. To educate them to adopt new solutions to old problems and to know that hard work will bring good results. The stability of rural communities has long term mental health benefits and enforces a sense of belonging. The rootlessness and individual isolation within city populations outweighs the lure of money, cars and a flashy lifestyle - to which only a very few of the rural poor can aspire.-Superficially cultural diversity is a desirable goal but for most people their allegiance is to their own family, extended family or tribe. The wider society is less immediately relevant. Education is the way forward in fostering a respect for difference by raising awareness through genuine knowledge of other cultures rather than promoting stereotypes, which reinforce separation. Peaceful coexistence is better than heavy handed legislation to protect the cultural identities Suspicion of the stranger - the other is deeply ingrained in the human psyche.Without peace among all nations on earth the progress made on every other front can be wiped out in an instant and take generations to re-establish. Sadly power struggles within and between countries and the economics of arms trading are diametrically opposed to the pursuit ofpeace.The most desired state - peace - but one which the majority of people feel they have little power to bring about Perhaps there is a need to begin with the individual and to foster the desire for peace in each human heart and defuse the violence in human nature. Without gender equity/equality, 51% of the population is under- or misrepresented, or spoken for by someone who does not share their experience. Some cultures and institutions don't even have women in mind when they talk about decision making on matters of import. KMinds are made up and not open to new information or to reflection on their own experience. Furthermore, in today's society, people tend to seek out like-minded people to be around, making it more difficult for new ideas or new people to penetrate these invisible but very real barriers to a more broadminded kind of conversation.For centuries research research and health studies didn't even include women in spite of the obvious fact that their bodies are different form men's. The norm did not acknowledge their presence.Education is required to effect change and education is always a long-term venture. No quick fixes! Education sometimes is not only to give new information but to replace incorrect or inadequate information, and to change attitudes and accompanying behaviors.?The earth and its ecosystem, including us, are related. The perception is that for some to take more means that others have less, which is true in terms of limited resources. It's extremely difficult to convince those who have more that all will benefit over the long run from their becoming willing to do with less. Stewardship, rather than ownership, is our role in sustainable development. It's hard to convince people to share so that all can have more, particularly in countries where ownership is a goal of adult life.wNot sure what's meant by rural development. Further development on land now less densely populated? used in faming? See aboveECultural diversity is a fact of life still strongly resisted by many.Younger generations growing up with more experience with, and respect for, a more diverse group of people may have to be the ones to teach us.PPeace comes before human security -- genuine peace, not just the absence of war.Sometimes when people say they want peace, they really mean non-involvement. Peace is something that takes effort from all involved. Human security [as opposed to national security] takes trust which takes getting to know people. This poses a major barrier to efforts toward peace.It will require a change of behavior on the part of the few who possess so much - a giving up of some ownership, control, status, etcIn the process of urbanization, a few typically made lots of money from the labor of many. Changing the status quo is always difficult. It requires the will of those who have most to lose [in terms of material good] and much to gain in terms of human developmentConsumption is impacted by what people already have. No one wants to give it up. But in the US today, many who have lost their jobs have begun to do volunteer work which. a bit to their surprise,is more rewarding than the material wealth they've lost.Even those who are not major consumers because of lack of resources are already tainted by TV knowledge of things they want to have the minute they can. Consumerism is learned behavior and it will take long-term strategies to educate us out of it. oDemonstration of reality esp. in poor countries: women are taking initiative to connect with women, to start micro lending projects, make and market women-made artifacts, keep hope alive with strength of person and faith much motivated by presence of children Whole church reality denies human condition, contribution, gifts of women thus witnessing lack of wholeness, authoritarianism, patriarchy, nontruth....yet tries to be authority on sexual/reproductive issues and worse , interferes with the political process by imposing such on less educated folk and sewing confusion and reinforcing extremism....hatred,.......Lack of access if uneducated and/or poor, cultural patterns: genital cutting of women in some countries, infanticide, HIV spread by nonuse/non available condoms, .............. lack of sufficient doctors in some countries, excessive treatment to forestall law suits.....kOveruse of oil, ignorant of carbon footprint, individualism vs common good, poor forced to use wood and lose stablizing rooting of trees.... Corporations: bottled water...oil, waste, lies; Coke etc. use needed well water in poor countries.. US emissions with coal plants.... Forests cut down Habits in Amazon, rainforests destroying insect, medicine balance....cLittle regard for small farmer; stacked farm animals vs grazing and need for antibiotics transferred to humans; treatment of animals; building that destroys little farms; agribusiness that has bad patterns: bulk travel many many miles from market, use of pesticides, slave labor, gmo's, dumping on markets that eliminate income of indigenous workers.....QIn U.S. nonwhite populations tend to be concentrated in areas with limited resources, poor education, low self esteem due to racism, Jails are predominantly people of color - crimes not treated same; racial profiling, can't make bail..... Education system lacking opportunities to learn appreciation for giftedness, except sports... Arsenals of nuclear weapons, religious extremism often caused by domination of others, poverty, lack of education, lack of self esteem, competition fed by consumerism, power, profit making Lack of dialog .......Suburbs have sucked out resources, people, infrastructure and left cities with poor education facilities, lack of job opportunity for living wage, poor housing stock...cultural opportunities... FMedia and advertising promote suga< r/caloric diets, esp. to children thus promoting diabetes and obesity. In- take way out of balance. Schools provide soda in vending machines; vegetables not readily available, cooked, Gardens beginning to appear; Health care cost control depends on educated, better consumption patterns.... institutional+individual mentality; institutional factorscultural factors; there is NOBODY against improving human health; however, finding funds to implement such promotional activities remains problematic'cultural factors; institutional factorsinstitutional; individualcultural factors>individual mentality; institutional factors; political factorspolitical factorsinstitutional factorsindividual mentality9Cultural issues, institutional issues, family constraintsIa matter of resources, and deciding which kind of approach is sustainablequite hard to convince people of the need for environmental stewarship, especially if their day-to-day lives involve regular use of resources`disregard of urban elite and politicians for the rural areas - except when running for election!nmost people in the developing world do not believe in this, as they feel they are still struggling to catch upcultural factorWBeing the first in the female of completing a Master Degree and being African American.Cultural factors will be one of the main reason and the second is institutional factors of not being born into the right type of family.CThe world has become divided into a society of haves and haves not.mAgain, I have to say it's cultural factors our society is not very acceptance of people of different culture.HBeing an African American female make cultural diversity very important.Women are half the population!7Without the earth's biosphere, humanity cannot survive.zEntrenched political and economic forces hinder effective work to save the planet and thus humanity from ecological dooms.People in rural areas are typically discriminated against in terms of funding for government programs and have fewer opportunities for education. This can promote political instability leading to violence.Entrenched political and economic forces combine to stop rural development. Often, urban economic interest prey on rural economies as parasites, siphoning off productive wealth and impoverishing the countryside.8Education for cultural diversty promotes social harmony.?This is getting easier because people recognize its importance.0War is the destroyer of justice and opportunity.Economic and political interests profit from war, and most people enjoy "watching" it on television, experiencing vicarious thrills from the violence._Cities are rapidly becoming cesspools characterized by huge gaps between the poor and the rich.Entrenched economic and political interests resist anything that reduces their ability to parasitize the poor. But they run the risk of igniting social rebellion. Today's ruling classes are as blind as the French aristocracy in 1789 or the Russian aristocracy in 1917.:This is a basic aspect of education for ecological sanity.Economic and political Structures promote greed and the unity of "identity" with "stuff", as in "You are your stuff, you have no existence other than your ability to accumulate stuff.ESD SPREADSHEET VERSION 1.7 TimestampMQuestion 1. How relevant is gender equality/equity for SD and ESD? (required)FQuestion 2. What factors influenced your relevance ranking? (optional)MQuestion 3. How difficult is it to promote gender equality/equity? (required)GQuestion 4. What factors influenced your difficulty ranking? (optional)MQuestion 5. How relevant is human health promotion for SD and ESD? (required)FQuestion 6. What factors influenced your relevance ranking? (optional)CQuestion 7. How difficult is it to promote human health? (required)GQuestion 8. What factors influenced your difficulty ranking? (optional)PQuestion 9. How relevant is environmental stewardship for SD and ESD? (required)GQuestion 10. What factors influenced your relevance ranking? (optional)QQuestion 11. How difficult is it to promote environmental stewardship? (required)HQuestion 12. What factors influenced your difficulty ranking? (optional)IQuestion 13. How relevant is rural development for SD and ESD? (required)GQuestion 14. What factors influenced your relevance ranking? (optional)IQuestion 15. How difficult is it to promote rural development? (required)HQuestion 16. What factors influenced your difficulty ranking? (optional)JQuestion 17. How relevant is cultural diversity for SD and ESD? (required)GQuestion 18: What factors influenced your relevance ranking? (optional)]Question 19. How difficult is it to promote an appreciation of cultural diversity? (required)GQuestion 20. What factors influenced your relevance ranking? (optional)QQuestion 21. How relevant are peace and human security for SD and ESD? (required)GQuestion 22. What factors influenced your relevance ranking? (optional)PQuestion 23. How difficult is it to promote peace and human security? (required)HQuestion 24. What factors influenced your difficulty ranking? (optional)PQuestion 25. How relevant is sustainable urbanization for SD and ESD? (required)GQuestion 26. What factors influenced your relevance ranking? (optional)PQuestion 27. How difficult is it to promote sustainable urbanization? (required)HQuestion 28. What factors influenced your difficulty ranking? (optional)OQuestion 29. How relevant is sustainable consumption for SD and ESD? (required)GQuestion 30. What factors influenced your relevance ranking? (optional)OQuestion 31. How difficult is it to promote sustainable consumption? (required)IQuestion 32. What factors influenced your difficulty ranking? (optional) Cultural influences and educational opportunities are more affectual for SD and ESD than gender equality. Worldwide, gender equality is not mentally or behaviorally ingrained. Cultural influences, group values and commitment to tradition influence how difficult the promotion of gender equality will be. Human health must be maintained for SD. Protection and promotion of health through education and group awareness greatly increases the vitality of SD. Cultural factors and group beliefs could be a hinderance to health promotion efforts. Environmental and economic factors are also a challenge to sustaining an individual's health. b The environment was designed to sustain human existence. Deterioration and destruction of this environment likewise affects humanity. In order to maintain SD in the environment, people of this world must be of one mind to nurture the environment that has been given to support life and sustain humanity for generations. ^ Promoting environmental stewardship is a cultural, institutional and governmental issue. Too many people groups have entrusted the responsibility of caring for THE environment to government or institutional control and, by doing so, are no longer mindful of personal responsibility for the care of OUR environment. A Many rural areas are more advanced in SD than urban areas due to the fact that interdependent systems for survival are naturally established within community. Cooperative programs that enlighten both urban and rural people would be most beneficial to promoting human and environmental SD. Cultural and institutional factors can make promotion of rural development difficult. Sensititity to the felt needs of the groups in areas needing development is essential.  The allowance for diverse cultues fuels humanity. Acknowledging and accepting this diversity is critical to sustaining human survival. When groups are forced to become uniform and equal, this diversity is compromised. SD is impeded. Promoting cultural diversity is not the challenge but rather the <"appreciation" of cultural diversity that may create difficulty. World views and behavior have influence over the acceptance of cultural diversity. Humanity has continued to develop over thousands of years in spite of war and insecurity. Therefore, these issues are not critical to SD. The concept of peace and security is attractive to the majority. However, human nature excludes these concepts from realization. Spiritual factures temper this natural bent.  Urbanization provides a complement to rural existence. Thus, it is equally importnat to SD. Urban development happen more naturally than rural development. The difficulty comes in the control of urbanization to keep the balance between urban and rural from becoming lopsided. Promoting a global awareness of consumption, supply and replenishment is essential to SD of humanity. Behavioral factors are difficult to influence. Groups that have a perceived need for a particular quanity of item are hard to convince otherwise. I have been working on a Gender Equity Program in Malawi and found out how relevant this is for national development particularly for developing countries in Africa and elsewhere. With proper commitment by Governments, the civil society and the people themselves, it should be manageable. But sometimes people don't share the same vision. For local communities in African countries, this requires vigorous community mobilization campaigns. Human health is one of the indicators of socio-economic development, so it is critically important. SD and ESD must lead to human health promotion and vice versa, I believe  It all depends on from which perspective you look at it and in which region of the world you are. To other cultures, it can be very challenging, almost unattainable. But it all begins with education of the mind. @ I have been exposed to issues of socio-economic development and seen how environmental stewardship for SD and ESD is important. Again education of the mind plays a part here to curb the traditional, cultural, institutional retrogression as far as SD and ESD are concerned. It depends on multi-sectoral approach which is not usually easily achieved in many organizations and institutions. I would say, cultural factors play a critical role here. ~ In the present world where socio-economic development and technological advancement of various communities are critical, education must still be seen as key to SD and ESD attainment. As countries move towards Education For All and eradication of illiteracy in the world over, rural development is critical and education is key indeed. Since it is a process and can never be attained overnight, it important to consider all those influencing factors. I think individual mentality and behavior and people's cultural factors are central to this. AI feel it is relevant though the rate to realize this is lower.Socio-political factors do influence this greatly, in my view. Again it requires some kind of paradigm shift even among the native cultures of the world. It also requires critical thinking and cultural dialogue. It depends on the work plan used. The extent to which the beneficiaries are involved plays a role here for its success. Institutional factors would be relevant here though cultural factors can not be ignored completely. I think in the contemporary world, this is not an easy task. On the other hand, this is where cultural factors play a crucial role. I am not very conversant with SU and so just think it is not easily attainable. I would wish to believe that institutional factors would be critical here. G Cultural factors I guess This is a very challenging area because the modern world is a consumer based society. I just think it might be a great challenge to achieve it. individual mentality and cultural factors are at play in influencing my decisions here. Individual: I'm female, my beliefs are that the feminine has been radically eliminated from the world at our peril, I have spent a great deal of time studying this issue how difficult it is to turn the economy around and make gifting (that comes naturally to a lot of women) part of the picture.6 poverty= Again, poverty Stewardship is a concept that can be taken the wrong way. For example, I'm not sure that promoting it is a good idea. Fuzzy concepts are more broadly accepted but are also open to misinterpretation.+ When it comes right down to it, environmental racism is accepted. If they have oil we need, then we will go to war to get it. 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